Hybrid techniques for antenna retuning utilizing transmit and receive power information

ABSTRACT

An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising a transceiver, an antenna tuner connecting said transceiver to an antenna, a power sensor adapted to acquire measurements about transmit power, a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) adapted to acquire measurements about receive power and wherein said tuner tunes said antenna based upon said transmit and receive measurements to optimize said antenna in both the receive and transmit bands.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/800,592, filed May 7, 2007, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wireless devices have become prevalent throughout society. As usersdemand more mobility, there is a tremendous requirement for decreasingpower consumption and thereby increasing battery life. Further, manywireless devices may transmit on a plurality of carrier frequencies andinclude circuits dealing with several frequency bands of operation andmay receive and transmit at varying power levels. In wirelessapplications, the transmitted power is much higher than the receivedpower and to perform the retuning of a mismatched antenna or matchingnetwork, power measurement must be performed.

Thus, there is a strong need for techniques for antenna retuningutilizing transmit and receive power information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprisinga transceiver, an antenna tuner connecting the transceiver to anantenna, a power sensor adapted to acquire measurements about transmitpower, a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) adapted to acquiremeasurements about receive power and wherein the tuner tunes the antennabased upon the transmit and receive measurements to optimize the antennain both the receive and transmit bands.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical orfunctionally similar elements. Additionally, the left-most digit(s) of areference number identifies the drawing in which the reference numberfirst appears.

FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus adapted for transmit and receive fullyclosed loop power measurements and antenna retuning of an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus adapted for transmit and receive onehalf closed loop power measurements and antenna retuning of anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates an apparatus adapted for transmit and receive threequarters closed loop power measurements and antenna retuning of anembodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a method according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that thepresent invention may be practiced without these specific details. Inother instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuitshave not been described in detail so as not to obscure the presentinvention.

An algorithm is here, and generally, considered to be a self-consistentsequence of acts or operations leading to a desired result. Theseinclude physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, thoughnot necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical ormagnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined,compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times,principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals asbits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers or the like.It should be understood, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the followingdiscussions, it is appreciated that throughout the specificationdiscussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining,” or the like, refer to the action and/orprocesses of a computer or computing system, or similar electroniccomputing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented asphysical, such as electronic, quantities within the computing system'sregisters and/or memories into other data similarly represented asphysical quantities within the computing system's memories, registers orother such information storage, transmission or display devices.

The processes and displays presented herein are not inherently relatedto any particular computing device or other apparatus. Various generalpurpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with theteachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct a morespecialized apparatus to perform the desired method. The desiredstructure for a variety of these systems will appear from thedescription below. In addition, embodiments of the present invention arenot described with reference to any particular programming language. Itwill be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be usedto implement the teachings of the invention as described herein. Inaddition, it should be understood that operations, capabilities; andfeatures described herein may be implemented with any combination ofhardware (discrete or integrated circuits) and software.

Use of the terms “coupled” and “connected”, along with theirderivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms arenot intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particularembodiments, “connected” may be used to indicate that two or moreelements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.“Coupled” my be used to indicated that two or more elements are ineither direct or indirect (with other intervening elements between them)physical or electrical contact with each other, and/or that the two ormore elements co-operate or interact with each other (e.g. as in a causean effect relationship).

Turning to FIG. 1, is an apparatus, comprising a transceiver 100, anantenna tuner 125 connecting the transceiver 100 to an antenna 130, apower sensor 145 adapted to acquire measurements about transmit power, areceive signal strength indicator (RSSI) 155 adapted to acquiremeasurements about receive power, and wherein the tuner 125 tunes theantenna 130 based upon the transmit and receive measurements to optimizethe antenna 130 in both the receive and transmit bands.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the transceiver may furthercomprise a modulator 105 driving a variable power amplifier module (PAM)110 and a low noise amplifier 140 adapted to receive the output of thevariable PAM 110 via a switch 115, and a variable gain amplifier (VGA)135 receiving the output of the low noise amplifier 140. The RSSI mayreceive the output of the VGA and output it to a processor 160, therebyproviding the receive sense for the receive signal measurements. Theoutput of the PAM 110 may be coupled via a coupler. 120 and switch 115to the power sensor 145 to determine the transmit measurements. In anembodiment of the present invention the apparatus may further comprise amicrocontroller 165 adapted to received transmit measurements from thepower sensor 145 and receive measurements from the RSSI 155 via aprocessor 160 and pass this information to an application specificprogrammable integrated circuit (ASPIC) 150 to control the tuner 125.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a base-band may specify to the microcontroller155 the transmit and receive state 210. Further, the apparatus of FIG. 2illustrates the microcontroller may transmit to the ASPIC either adefault received state 220 only or an optimized transmit or receivestate 230 based on a base-band specification.

FIG. 3, illustrates the base-band specifying to the microcontroller thetransmit and receive state or receive state only 310. Themicrocontroller 155 of FIG. 3 may transmit to the ASPIC either a receivedefault state only 320 or an optimized transmit state based on abase-band specification 330.

Turning now to FIG. 4, shown generally as 400, is a method according toan embodiment of the present invention, comprising connecting atransceiver to an antenna via an antenna tuner 410, using a power sensoradapted to acquire measurements about transmit power and a receivesignal strength indicator (RSSI) adapted to acquire measurements aboutreceive power 420 and tuning the antenna with the tuner based upon thetransmit and receive measurements to optimize the antenna in both thereceive and transmit bands 430. An embodiment of the present method mayfurther comprise using a modulator driving a power amplifier module(PAM), a low noise amplifier adapted to receive the output of the PAMvia a switch and a variable gain amplifier (VGA) receiving the output ofthe low noise amplifier in the transceiver. Also, the present method mayfurther comprise receiving the output of the VGA by the RSSI andoutputting to a processor, thereby providing the receive sense for thereceive signal measurements and coupling the output of the PAM via acoupler and switch to the power sensor to determine the transmitmeasurements. An embodiment of the present method may further compriseusing a microcontroller adapted to received transmit measurements fromthe power sensor and receive measurements from the RSSI via a processorand passing this information to an application specific programmableintegrated circuit (ASPIC) to control the tuner.

Specifying by a base-band to the microcontroller the transmit andreceive state or specifying by a base-band to the microcontroller thetransmit and receive state or receive state only may also be included insome embodiments of the present invention. In still a furtherembodiment, the present method may further comprise transmitting by themicrocontroller to the ASPIC either a default received state only or anoptimized transmit or receive state based on a base-band specification.

Some embodiments of the present invention may be implemented, forexample, using a machine-readable medium or article which may store aninstruction or a set of instructions that, if executed by a machine, forexample, by the microcontroller 130 or ASPIC 135 of FIG. 1, or by othersuitable machines, cause the machine to perform a method and/oroperations in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Such machinemay include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computingplatform, computing device, processing device, computing system,processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may beimplemented using any suitable combination of hardware and/or software.The machine-readable medium or article may include, for example, anysuitable type of memory unit, memory device, memory article, memorymedium, storage device, storage article, storage medium and/or storageunit, for example, memory, removable or non-removable media, erasable ornon-erasable media, writeable or re-writeable media, digital or analogmedia, hard disk, floppy disk, Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM),Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Re-Writeable (CD-RW),optical disk, magnetic media, various types of Digital Versatile Disks(DVDs), a tape, a cassette, or the like. The instructions may includeany suitable type of code, for example, source code, compiled code,interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, or thelike, and may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level,object-S oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programminglanguage, e.g., C, C++, Java, BASIC, Pascal, Fortran, Cobol, assemblylanguage, machine code, or the like.

In an embodiment of the present invention the machine-accessible mediumthat provides instructions, which when accessed, may cause the machineto perform operations comprising connecting a transceiver to an antennavia an antenna tuner, using a power sensor adapted to acquiremeasurements about transmit power and a receive signal strengthindicator (RSSI) adapted to acquire measurements about receive power,and tuning the antenna with the tuner based upon the transmit andreceive measurements to optimize the antenna in both the receive and.transmit bands. The machine-accessible medium of the present inventionmay further comprise the instructions causing the machine to perform.operations further comprising using a modulator driving a poweramplifier module (PAM), a low noise amplifier adapted to receive theoutput of the PAM via a switch, and a variable gain amplifier (VGA)receiving the output of the low noise amplifier in the transceiver. Themachine-accessible medium of the present invention yet still may furthercomprise the instructions causing the machine to perform operationsfurther comprising receiving the output of the VGA by the RSSI andoutputting to a processor, thereby providing the receive sense for thereceive signal measurements and still further comprise the instructionscausing the machine to perform operations further comprising couplingthe output of the PAM via a coupler and switch to the power sensor todetermine the transmit measurements and using a microcontroller adaptedto received transmit measurements from the power sensor and receivemeasurements from the RSSI via a processor and passing this informationto an application specific programmable integrated circuit (ASPIC) tocontrol the tuner.

Some embodiments of the present invention may be implemented bysoftware, by hardware, or by any combination of software and/or hardwareas may be suitable for specific applications or in accordance withspecific design requirements. Embodiments of the invention may includeunits and/or sub-units, which may be separate of each other or combinedtogether, in whole or in part, and may be implemented using specific,multi-purpose or general processors or controllers, or devices as areknown in the art. Some embodiments of the invention may include buffers,registers, stacks, storage units and/or memory units, for temporary orlong-term storage of data or in order to facilitate the operation of aspecific embodiment.

Regarding the timing for retuning, in an embodiment of the presentinvention the antenna retuning may occur once per frame, before theburst. In this case power is measured and averaged on the previousburst, the calculation of next biasing points is performed and newvalues are applied for the following burst. This has the advantages of alot of time to compute, power savings, no transients issues (spurious),fast enough for humans (−100 ms for retuning).

While the present invention has been described in terms of what are atpresent believed to be its preferred embodiments, those skilled in theart will recognize that various modifications to the discloseembodiments can be made without departing from the scope of theinvention as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless communication device, comprising: atransceiver; an antenna; a tunable network including one or moreadjustable reactance elements; a power sensor; and a receive signalstrength indicator (RSSI), wherein the power sensor acquiresmeasurements associated with transmit power during a first bursttransmission, wherein the RSSI acquires measurements associated withreceive power, and wherein the tunable network is adjusted once perframe prior to a second burst transmission based upon the measurementsassociated with the transmit and receive power to improve performance ofthe antenna in both receive and transmit bands, wherein both of themeasurements associated with the transmit and receive power are utilizedin determining the adjustment to the tunable network, and wherein thesecond burst transmission is subsequent to the first burst transmission.2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, further comprising: amodulator driving a power amplifier module (PAM); a low noise amplifieradapted to receive the output of the PAM via a switch; and a variablegain amplifier (VGA) receiving the output of the low noise amplifier. 3.The wireless communication device of claim 2, further comprising: aprocessor, wherein an output of the VGA is received by the RSSI andoutputted to the processor.
 4. The wireless communication device ofclaim 3, further comprising: a coupler and a switch that couple theoutput of the PAM to the power sensor to determine the measurementsassociated with the transmit power.
 5. The wireless communication deviceof claim 1, further comprising: a processor; and a microcontroller thatreceives the measurements associated with the transmit power from thepower sensor and receives the measurements associated with the receivepower from the RSSI via the processor, wherein the microcontrollerprovides the measurements associated with the transmit and receive powerto an application specific programmable integrated circuit (ASPIC) tocontrol the tunable network.
 6. The wireless communication device ofclaim 5, wherein transmit and receive states are specified to themicrocontroller based on a base-band specification.
 7. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 5, wherein a receive state without atransmit state is specified to the microcontroller based on a base-bandspecification.
 8. The wireless communication device of claim 5, whereinone of a default received state only or an optimized transmit or receivestate based on a base-band specification is provided by themicrocontroller to the ASPIC.
 9. A method, comprising: acquiring, by apower sensor of a communication device, measurements associated withtransmit power during a first burst transmission; acquiring, by areceive signal strength indicator of the communication device,measurements associated with receive power; and adjusting, by a controlcircuit of the communication device, a tunable network of thecommunication device for each frame prior to a second burst transmissionbased upon the measurements associated with the transmit and receivepower to improve performance of an antenna of the communication devicein both receive and transmit bands, wherein the second bursttransmission is subsequent to the first burst transmission.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein both of the measurements associated with thetransmit and receive power are utilized in determining the adjustment tothe tunable network.
 11. The method of claim 9, comprising: driving apower amplifier module (PAM) using a modulator; receiving an output ofthe PAM at a low noise amplifier via a switch; and receiving an outputof the low noise amplifier at a variable gain amplifier (VGA).
 12. Themethod of claim 11, comprising receiving an output of the VGA at theRSSI.
 13. The method of claim 12, comprising coupling the output of saidPAM via a coupler and switch to the power sensor to determine themeasurements associated with the transmit and receive power.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the control circuit is an applicationspecific programmable integrated circuit (ASPIC).
 15. A communicationdevice comprising: a transceiver; an antenna; a tunable networkincluding one or more adjustable reactance elements; a first measuringcomponent; and a second measuring component, wherein the first measuringcomponent acquires measurements associated with transmit power during afirst burst transmission, wherein the second measuring componentacquires measurements associated with receive power, and wherein thetunable network is adjusted for each frame prior to a second bursttransmission based upon the measurements associated with the transmitand receive power to improve performance of the antenna in both receiveand transmit bands, wherein the second burst transmission is subsequentto the first burst transmission.
 16. The communication device of claim15, wherein the second measuring component is a receive signal strengthindicator (RSSI), and wherein both of the measurements associated withthe transmit and receive power are utilized in determining theadjustment to the tunable network.
 17. The communication device of claim15, further comprising: a modulator driving a power amplifier module(PAM); a low noise amplifier adapted to receive an output of the PAM viaa switch; a variable gain amplifier (VGA) receiving an output of the lownoise amplifier; and a processor, wherein the output of the VGA isreceived by the second measuring component and outputted to theprocessor.
 18. The communication device of claim 17, further comprising:a coupler and a switch that couples the output of the PAM to the firstmeasuring component to determine the measurements associated with thetransmit power.
 19. The communication device of claim 15, furthercomprising: a processor; and a microcontroller that receives themeasurements associated with the transmit power from the power sensorand receives the measurements associated with the receive power from thesecond measuring component via the processor, wherein themicrocontroller provides the measurements associated with the transmitand receive power to an application specific programmable integratedcircuit (ASPIC) to control the tunable network.
 20. The communicationdevice of claim 19, wherein one of a default received state only or anoptimized transmit or receive state based on a base-band specificationis provided by the microcontroller to the ASPIC.